12th Class Smart Syllabus ALP Notes
12th Class Physics ALP Notes By Nauman Ahmad Zirak
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12th Class Urdu ALP Notes by Smart Notes
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12th Biology Editable Questions (Only Qs)
- 12th Class Biology
- Answer the Following Long Questions ۔
- i) Explain the phenomenon of Osmoregulation in plants ?
- ii) Discuss the Liver as an excretory organ ?
- iii) Explain working of Nephron in Human Kidney ?
- iv) Describe the structure of Nephron ?
- v) Discuss Kidney problems and their cures ?
- vi) What is Renal Failure ? Describe its cure ?
- vii) Describe thermoregulatory strategies in Mammals including human in cold temperature ?
- viii) Describe the significance of secondary growth ?
- ix) Give structure of Skeletal Muscles ?
- x) How nerve impulse in passed from one neuron to another neuron ? Explain .
- xi) What is Central Nervous System ? Explain structure and function of Forebrain .
- xii) Discuss hormones of anterior Lobe of pituitary gland ?
- xiii) Write a note on ” Fruit Set ” and ” Fruit Ripening ” ?
- xiv) What is parthenoearpy ? How fruit is ripened ?
- xv) Define photoperiodism . Explain role of phytochromes in photoperiodism ?
- xvi) Discuss the external factors affecting growth in plants ?
- xvii) Write a note on differentiation ?
- xviii) Explain abnormal development ?
- xix) Explain briefly Watson and Crick Model of DNA ?
- xx) Describe different types of RNA with their functions ?
- xxi) Write a note one Genetic Code ?
- xxii) Define and explain test cross ?
- xxiii) Describe the phenomenon of sex linkage ?
- xxiv) Discuss evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes ?
- xxv) Describe the evidence of evolution from comparative anatomy ?
- xxvi) Write a note on grazing ?
- xxvii) Describe deforestation and afforestation ?
- xxviii) Describe the importance of forests ?
- xxix) Write a note on green house effects ?
- xxx) Describe the causes and effects of Acid Rain ?
- Answer the following short questions.
- i) Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic solution ?
- ii) Differentiate between hydrophytes and mesophytes ?
- iii) What are Xerophytes ? Give its examples ?
- iv) Define anhydribiosis with an example ?
- v) Give the role of contractile vacuole ?
- vi) Define anhydrobiosis ?
- vii) Define excretophore . / What are extretophores & Why ?
- viii) Give structural formulae of Urea and uric Acid ?
- ix) Why ammonia is more toxic than other nitrogenous wastes ?
- x) Write two types of synthesis functions of liver and effects on homeostasis ?
- xi) Briefly describe urea cycle and also draw it . OR Draw & label the urea cycle ?
- xii) What are effects of ADH and Aldosterone on work of nephron ?
- xiii) Explain briefly glomerular filtrate ?
- xiv) What are juxtamedullary nephrons ?
- xv) Differentiate between re-absorption and secretion in nephron ?
- xvi) What is renal failure ?
- xvii) Write different methods of kidney stone removal ?
- xviii) Differentiate between haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis ?
- xix) Give adaptations of marine fish for its survival in cold environment ?
- xx) What is Pyrexia ?
- xxi) Define the given terms : (1) Hypertonic environment (2) Hypotonic environment
- xxii) Enlist the three steps in urine formation in human ?
- xxiii) Differentiate between Pyrexia and Pyrogens ?
- xxiv) What are behaviroural adaptations to regulate heat exchange between animals and environment ?
- xxv) Briefly describe hemodialysis ?
- xxvi) Account one each main adaptation in plants to high and low temperature ?
- xxvii) Define tonoplast , give its function as well ?
- xxviii) Compare epicuticle and procuticle ?
- xxix) Define moulting ( Ecdysis ) . Give its one importance ?
- xxx) Define is cartilage ? Give its two types .
- xxxi) Differentiate between cartilage and bones ?
- xxxii) Which kinds of cells are responsible for bone of formation ? Give their name .
- xxxiii) Give classification of vertebral column .
- xxxiv) Explain the ball and socket joints and give an example ?
- xxxv) What is arthritis ?
- xxxvi) How the muscle fatigue is resulted ?
- xxxvii) What is ” All or None response ” ?
- xxxviii) What is foramen triosseum ? How it is formed ?
- xxxix) Discuss the structure and functions of collenchyma cells in plants ?
- xl) Name the bones of pectoral and pelvic girdle ?
- xli) What are synovial joint ? Write the name of its two types ?
- xlii) Give two commercial application of ethane . Give commercial application of ethane ?
- xliii) What are commercial applications of abscisis acid ?
- xliv) Write down four functions of auxin . Write down two uses of auxin .
- xlv) Mention the relative abundance and distribution of receptors in human skin ?
- xlvi) What is neurogila ? Give its role .
- xlvii) Differentiate between axons and dendrites ?
- xlviii) Differentiate between reflex arc and reflex action ?
- xlix) What do you know about saltatory nerve ?
- l) Differentiate between resting membrane potential and active membrane potential ?
- li) Name various structures that protect our brain ?
- lii) Differentiate between nerves and ganglia ?
- liii) What is action of nicotine on co-ordination ?
- liv) Write a note on Alzheimer’s disease ?
- lv) What is Parkinson’s disease ?
- lvi) What are the functions of oxytocin hormones ?
- lvii) How Ca++ concentration in human blood is regulated ?
- lviii) Give the role of insulin and glucagon ?
- lix) Name hormones released by adrenal gland ?
- lx) Give role of human gut as endocrine tissue ?
- lxi) How communication across the synapse occurs ?
- lxii) Why seed plants are predominantly present all around as ?
- lxiii) What is diplohaplontic life cycle ? Give its types .
- lxiv) Define parthenocarpy . How it is artificially induced ?
- lxv) What is tissue culture ? Explain .
- lxvi) Differentiate between tissue culture and cloning ?
- lxvii) Differentiate between identical twins and triplets ?
- lxviii) What are functions of sertoli cells ?
- lxix) What is menopause ? At which age it starts .
- lxx) Give the role of oxytocin ?
- lxxi) What is corpus luteum ? Give its function .
- lxxii) What is oestrous cycle ?
- lxxiii) Define terms menstruation and menopause ?
- lxxiv) What is after birth ?
- lxxv) Differentiate between lactation and gestation ?
- lxxvi) How implantation differes from gestation ?
- lxxvii) What are test tube babies ? Discuss it .
- lxxviii) For which the abbreviation of STD is used ?
- lxxix) Explain the role of gonadotropins in human female ?
- lxxx) Differentiate between growth and embryonic development ?
- lxxxi) Differentiate between growth and development ?
- lxxxii) What is growth ? Mention its types .
- lxxxiii) Differentiate between determinate and indeterminate growth ?
- lxxxiv) Differentiate between primary growth and secondary growth in plant ?
- lxxxv) Name the phases of plants growth ?
- lxxxvi) What is compensatory effect ?
- lxxxvii) What is primitive streak ?
- lxxxviii) What is morula ?
- lxxxix) Differentiate between epiclast and hypoblast ?
- xc) What is cleavage ?
- xci) What is coelom ?
- xcii) What is discoidal cleavage ?
- xciii) Give the role of cytoplasm in the development of an Ascidian ?
- xciv) What are metabolic defects and give two examples ?
- xcv) What are teratogens ? Give an example .
- xcvi) What is Hensen’s node ?
- xcvii) Compare telocentric and acrocentric chromosomes ?
- xcviii) Differentiate between chromosome and nucleosome ?
- xcix) What is transformation ?
- c) Differentiate between pyrimidines and purines ?
- ci) Give structural formula of adenine and thymine ?
- cii) What is Semi – Conservative Model of DNA Replication ?
- ciii) Write role of DNA ligase ?
- civ) What is one-gene one polypeptide hypothesis ?
- cv) Differentiate between transcription and translation ?
- cvi) What is transcription bubble ? How is it formed .
- cvii) What is the function of RNA polymerases in transcription ?
- cviii) How is newly synthesized mRNA protected after transcription ?
- cix) Enlist non sense codons and their function ?
- cx) Define genetic code ?
- cxi) What is translation ?
- cxii) Where codon and anticodon are situated ?
- cxiii) Describe briefly sickle cell anemia ?
- cxiv) What is mutation ? Give its name of two classes .
- cxv) What are mutagens ? Give one example .
- cxvi) What is inversion ?
- cxvii) What are chromosomal abberrations ? Quote example as well .
- cxviii) Name three types of RNA’s . Give function of each RNA .
- cxix) Write down the structural formulae of cytosine and thyamine ?
- cxx) How chromatin differs from chromosomes ?
- cxxi) Define cell cycle . Give its phases ?
- cxxii) Draw cell cycle ?
- cxxiii) How cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cell ?
- cxxiv) Give four importance of mitosis ?
- cxxv) Write down the events of metaphase of mitosis ?
- cxxvi) How cytokinesis occur in plants ?
- cxxvii) Differentiate between malignent and benign tumor ?
- cxxviii) Give four important functions of mitosis ?
- cxxix) Discuss diakinesis in meiosis ?
- cxxx) Give the chances of occurrence of Down’s syndrome in teenage mothers and a forty years old mother’s off spring ?
- cxxxi) Give affects of XYY Klinefelter syndrome ?
- cxxxii) What is Klinfelter’s syndrome ?
- cxxxiii) How meiosis plays its role in producing genetic variations ?
- cxxxiv) Differentiate between dominant and recessive trails ?
- cxxxv) Differentiate between monohybrid and dihybrid cross ?
- cxxxvi) Differentiate between population & gene pool ?
- cxxxvii) What is dominance ?
- cxxxviii) Discuss over dominance . Give an example ?
- cxxxix) What is contribution of Carl Correns in genetics ?
- cxl) Differentiate between co – dominance and over – dominance ?
- cxli) Why is blood group AB called as universal recipient ?
- cxlii) Define gene linkage and gene linkage groups ?
- cxliii) What is tetrad ?
- cxliv) Explain testicular feminization syndrome ?
- cxlv) Define product rule and psedoautosomal genes ?
- cxlvi) What is MODY ? Write its causes . Explain the term MODY ?
- cxlvii) An Rh– woman is married to an Rh+ man whose father was also Rh– . What is the probable risk of erythroblastosis . Foetalis in their babies ?
- cxlviii) Define crossing over . Give its importance ?
- cxlix) Write the way by which bacterial cells become permeable of plasmid ?
- cl) Define biotechnology . Name two biotechnology products ?
- cli) What are restriction enzymes ? Give an example .
- clii) What is recombinant DNA technology ?
- cliii) What are palindromic sequences ? Give their significance .
- cliv) What are restriction enzymes ? Who first isolated them ?
- clv) Differentiate between Sanger’s method and Maxam-Gilbert method of gene sequencing ?
- clvi) What are bioreactors ?
- clvii) What are transgenic Bacteria ?
- clviii) What is cystic frbrosis ?
- clix) What is gene therapy ?
- clx) What Gottlieb Haberlandt said that plant cells are totiopotent ?
- clxi) What are vestigial organ ? Give one example .
- clxii) What is role of geographical barriers in evolution ?
- clxiii) Explain the term homology with a suitable example ?
- clxiv) What is Neo-Darwinism ?
- clxv) Name any four factors affecting gene frequency ?
- clxvi) What is membrane invagination hypothesis ?
- clxvii) Name three levels of integration in community ?
- clxviii) Differentiate between biosphere and Niche ?
- clxix) Define humus ?
- clxx) What are biotic components of an ecosystem ?
- clxxi) Define Biotic and A-biotic factors of an ecosystem ?
- clxxii) What do you understand by the term ” trophic level ” ?
- clxxiii) Give significance of predation ?
- clxxiv) What is parasitism ?
- clxxv) What are root nodules ? Give their importance .
- clxxvi) What are lichens and mycorrhiza ?
- clxxvii) Differentiate between mutualism and commensalism ?
- clxxviii) What is symbiosis ? Give one example .
- clxxix) Differentiate between nitrification and denitrification ?
- clxxx) How nitrogen depletion from soil is being overcome in nature ?
- clxxxi) Define ammonification ?
- clxxxii) Define the term ” Plant Biomass ” ?
- clxxxiii) Explain Mycorrhiza with an example ?
- clxxxiv) What is average rainfall in temperature deciduous forests ?
- clxxxv) Enlist some dominant plants that occur in temperate deciduous forest ?
- clxxxvi) What is the difference between savanna and prairies ?
- clxxxvii) Write down soil conditions of grassland ecosystem ?
- clxxxviii) Give the location of desert biomes . Write the name of desert in western and southern Punjab ?
- clxxxix) Define Desertification ?
- cxc) What is limnetic zone , mention its life ?
- cxci) What are renewable and non-renewable resources ? Give examples .
- cxcii) Explain briefly nutrient cycle in nature ?
- cxciii) Give three importance of forest ?
- cxciv) What is deforestation ?
- cxcv) What is acid rain ? Give four effects of acid rain .
- cxcvi) How chlorine is responsible for ozone depletion ?
- cxcvii) What are industrial effluents ? Give their role .
- cxcviii) Explain about industrial effluents ?
- cxcix) What are industrial Effluents ? Give their role .
- cc) What is the importance of ozone layer ?